Multiple choice questions (MCQs) of Botany Topic Environment and Ecology MCQs ( Environment and Ecology Quiz ) for NEET, GATE, AIAPGET, NEET MDS, NEET PG, DNB PDCET, AIIMS SS, PGIMER (Other), AIIMS PG and many more competitive examinations.
MCQ on Ecosystem with Answers PDF | Ecology Questions for NEET pdf
Questions regarding Environment and Ecology multiple choice questions for NEET, UPSC, and for Competitive Examinations are given below.
1. Ecology is connected with the study of
(a) environmental factors
(b) effect of plants on environment
(c) plant adaptations
(d) All of the above
Ans. d
2. The term ‘ecology’ was actually coined by
(a) Aristotle
(b) Reiter
(c) Linnaeus
(d) Odum
Ans. b
3. Climate zone between 20-40°C is
(a) sub-tropical
(b) temperate
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) temperate and sub-Arctic
Ans. a
4. Winters are absent in climatic zone
(a) sub-tropical
(b) tropical
(c) alpine
(d) Arctic
Ans. b
5. Aquatic plants generally have a
(a) weil-developed vascular system
(b) reduced vascular system
(c) well-developed root system
(d) well-developed stomatal system
Ans. b
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6. Succession of communities occurs because
(a) each existing community changes the environment
(b) climatic changes lead to reduced water availability
(c) most population have a limited lifespan and die making room for others
(d) resources in an area are limited
Ans. a
7. A lake with rich nutrients is known as
(a) euphotic
(b) eutrophic
(c) aphotic
(d) oligotrophic
Ans. b
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8. Study of inter-relationships between organisms and their environment is
(a) ecology
(b) ecosystem
(c) phytogeography
(d) ethology
Ans. a
9. Study of inter-relationship between an entire community and its environment is
(a) autecology
(b) resource ecology
(c) species ecology
(d) synecology
Ans. d
10. Tropical zone extends from
(a) 0-30°C
(b) 0-20°C
(c) 10-23°C
(d) 5-30°C
Ans. b
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11. A plant devoid of roots is
(a) Wolffia/Ceratophyllum
(b) Vallisneria
(c) Hydrilla
(d) Azolla
Ans. a
Environment and Ecology MCQ for UPSC PDF
12. Mean annual temperature of tropical zone is
(a) 10°C
(b) 16°C
(c) 24°C
(d) 30°C
Ans. c
13. The floating leaves of an aquatic plant has
(a) stomata on the upper surface
(b) stomata on the lower surface
(c) stomata on both the surfaces
(d) no stomata
Ans. a
14. In sub-merged hydrophytes, the stomata occurs
(a) on lower surface
(b) on upper surface
(c) no where
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans. c
15. Thick cuticle occurs on the leaves of plants belonging to
(a) cool habitats
(b) warm habitats
(c) dry habitats
(d) wet habitats
Ans. c
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16. Weather represents
(a) short term properties of atmosphere
(b) seasonal changes in atmosphere
(c) average variations of atmospheric conditions
(d) All of the above
Ans. a
17. Sub-merged hydrophytes have a well developed
(a) vascular system
(b) aerenchyma
(c) root system
(d) stomatal system
Ans. b
18. Stem of sub-merged hydrophytes is soft and weak because of
(a) the absence of phloem
(b) the absence of stomata
(c) the absence of xylem
(d) feebly developed supporting tissue and xylem
Ans. d
19. Which one is the famous plant ecologist of India?
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Ramdev Mishra
(c) Birbal Sahani
(d) Jagdish Chandra Bose
Ans. b
20. The role of an organism in ecological system is known as
(a) habitat
(b) herbivory
(c) niche
(d) interaction
Ans. c
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21. The primary consumers in a pond ecosystem is
(a) phytoplankton
(b) zooplankton
(c) fishes
(d) bacteria
Ans. b
22. The organic substances which decompose slowly are
(a) chitin
(b) lignin
(c) cellulose
(d) All of these
Ans. d
23. The food chain which start from microorganism is
(a) terrestrial food chain
(b) grazing food chain
(c) detritus food chain
(d) predator food chain
Ans. c
24. Decomposers are always
(a) autotrophs
(b) primary consumers
(c) saprotrophs
(d) heterotrophs
Ans. c
25. The type of food chain in which decomposed organic matter is converted into energy rich compound is called
(a) detritus food chain
(b) grazing food chain
(c) cybernatics
(d) None of these
Ans. a
26. Consumers are also known as
(a) reducers
(b) transducers
(c) consumers
(d) producers
Ans. a
27. Biotic community which shows the number of feeding connections is categorised as
(a) food chain
(b) pyramid of number
(c) food web
(d) trophic levels
Ans. c
28. Organism having wide range of degree of tolerance are
(a) stenotypic
(b) eurotypic
(c) ecotypics
(d) ecophenes
Ans. b
29. The efficiency of any ecosystem is best depicted by the pyramid of
(a) energy
(b) number
(c) biomass
(d) volume
Ans. a
30. Energy and nutrients enter a community by the way of
(a) producer
(b) consumer
(c) scavenger
(d) detritivores
Ans. a
31. Which one is the factor of abiotic environment?
(a) Producer
(b) Consumer
(c) Decomposer
(d) Air
Ans. d
Question: What is the main cause of the greenhouse effect?
a) Deforestation
b) Industrial pollution
c) Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Increased concentration of greenhouse gases
Answer: d) Increased concentration of greenhouse gases
Question: Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Oil
d) Solar power
Answer: d) Solar power
Question: What is the largest component of municipal solid waste (MSW)?
a) Glass
b) Paper
c) Plastics
d) Organic matter
Answer: c) Plastics
Question: Which international agreement aims to combat climate change by limiting global temperature rise?
a) Paris Agreement
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Copenhagen Accord
Answer: a) Paris Agreement
Question: What is the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials called?
a) Incineration
b) Recycling
c) Landfilling
d) Composting
Answer: b) Recycling
Question: Which gas is responsible for causing “ozone holes” in the Earth’s stratosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
c) Methane (CH4)
d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Answer: d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Question: What is the primary source of indoor air pollution in many households?
a) Carbon monoxide from vehicles
b) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from paints
c) Radioactive particles from nuclear plants
d) Ozone layer depletion
Answer: b) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from paints
Question: Which biome is characterized by low temperatures, permafrost, and a short growing season?
a) Desert
b) Grassland
c) Tundra
d) Tropical rainforest
Answer: c) Tundra
Question: What is the term for the gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities?
a) Global cooling
b) Greenhouse effect
c) Climate change
d) Polar vortex
Answer: c) Climate change
Question: What is a “biodiversity hotspot”?
a) A location with extreme temperatures
b) An area with high species diversity that is threatened by habitat loss
c) A region with excessive air pollution
d) A site of active volcanic activity
Answer: b) An area with high species diversity that is threatened by habitat loss
Question: Which gas is the primary component of Earth’s atmosphere?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Nitrogen (N2)
c) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: b) Nitrogen (N2)
Question: What is the term for the gradual wearing away of the Earth’s surface by natural processes such as water, wind, and ice?
a) Deforestation
b) Pollution
c) Erosion
d) Industrialization
Answer: c) Erosion
Question: Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?
a) Wind power
b) Geothermal energy
c) Nuclear power
d) Biomass
Answer: c) Nuclear power
Question: What is the process of water evaporating from plant leaves called?
a) Precipitation
b) Condensation
c) Transpiration
d) Infiltration
Answer: c) Transpiration
Question: Which type of pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides that run off into water bodies?
a) Air pollution
b) Noise pollution
c) Light pollution
d) Water pollution
Answer: d) Water pollution
Question: What is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis in plants?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Oxygen (O2)
c) Sunlight
d) Water (H2O)
Answer: c) Sunlight
Question: Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Reduced soil erosion
c) Enhanced carbon sequestration
d) Loss of habitat and ecosystem services
Answer: d) Loss of habitat and ecosystem services
Question: What is the term for the gradual rise in sea levels due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets?
a) Ocean acidification
b) Coastal erosion
c) Sea level rise
d) Tidal oscillation
Answer: c) Sea level rise
Question: Which environmental issue is associated with the thinning of the ozone layer?
a) Acid rain
b) Global warming
c) Ozone depletion
d) Soil erosion
Answer: c) Ozone depletion
Question: Which type of renewable energy captures the kinetic energy of ocean tides and currents?
a) Solar power
b) Wind power
c) Hydroelectric power
d) Tidal power
Answer: d) Tidal power
Question: Which natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes?
a) Tornado
b) Hurricane
c) Tsunami
d) Avalanche
Answer: c) Tsunami
Question: What is the term for the gradual movement of deserts into surrounding areas?
a) Desertification
b) Deforestation
c) Urbanization
d) Erosion
Answer: a) Desertification
Question: Which of the following is a greenhouse gas released from the digestive systems of ruminant animals?
a) Methane (CH4)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: a) Methane (CH4)
Question: What is the term for the variety of life forms on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity?
a) Ecology
b) Biodiversity
c) Sustainability
d) Habitat conservation
Answer: b) Biodiversity
Question: Which international organization focuses on the conservation of nature and sustainable use of natural resources?
a) United Nations
b) Greenpeace
c) World Health Organization
d) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
Answer: d) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
Question: Which biome is characterized by dense evergreen forests with high levels of rainfall and biodiversity?
a) Desert
b) Taiga
c) Temperate grassland
d) Tropical rainforest
Answer: d) Tropical rainforest
Question: Which of the following is a renewable resource derived from organic matter and used as a source of energy?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Petroleum
d) Biomass
Answer: d) Biomass
Question 28: What is the term for the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid water?
a) Evaporation
b) Precipitation
c) Transpiration
d) Infiltration
Answer: b) Precipitation
Question: Which of the following is a strategy for reducing air pollution in urban areas?
a) Increasing vehicular traffic
b) Burning more fossil fuels
c) Implementing strict emissions controls
d) Clearing more land for development
Answer: c) Implementing strict emissions controls
Question: Which environmental phenomenon is characterized by a rapid increase in the acidity of oceans due to the absorption of carbon dioxide?
a) Ocean warming
b) Ocean acidification
c) Coral bleaching
d) Marine pollution
Answer: b) Ocean acidification
Question: What is the term for the gradual wearing away of the Earth’s surface by wind action?
a) Erosion
b) Deforestation
c) Sedimentation
d) Volcanism
Answer: a) Erosion
Question: Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of water pollution?
a) Factory wastewater discharge
b) Sewage treatment plant effluent
c) Oil spill from a tanker
d) Runoff from agricultural fields
Answer: d) Runoff from agricultural fields
Question: Which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Answer: b) Stratosphere
Question: What is the term for the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and sunlight into glucose and oxygen?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
Question: Which of the following is a type of renewable energy derived from the Earth’s internal heat?
a) Solar power
b) Wind power
c) Geothermal energy
d) Hydroelectric power
Answer: c) Geothermal energy
Question: Which gas is responsible for the characteristic smell of rotten eggs and is often associated with volcanic activity?
a) Methane (CH4)
b) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
c) Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer: c) Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Question: Which process involves the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles by physical forces like temperature changes and frost action?
a) Erosion
b) Weathering
c) Sedimentation
d) Tectonics
Answer: b) Weathering
Question: Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas emitted from the burning of fossil fuels?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Nitrogen (N2)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Question: What is the term for the gradual increase in Earth’s surface temperature due to the urban heat island effect?
a) Heatwave
b) Urbanization
c) Albedo effect
d) Global warming
Answer: b) Urbanization
Question: Which environmental issue is associated with the depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere?
a) Acid rain
b) Air pollution
c) Greenhouse effect
d) Ultraviolet radiation
Answer: d) Ultraviolet radiation
Question: Which of the following is a human-made waterway used for the transportation of goods and people?
a) Ocean
b) Glacier
c) Aquifer
d) Canal
Answer: d) Canal
Question: Which process involves the conversion of nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas, returning nitrogen to the atmosphere?
a) Denitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Nitrification
d) Nitrate absorption
Answer: a) Denitrification
Question: What is the term for the gradual increase in the concentration of chemicals, such as heavy metals, in the tissues of living organisms as they move up the food chain?
a) Biomagnification
b) Bioaccumulation
c) Osmosis
d) Translocation
Answer: a) Biomagnification
Question: Which type of pollution is caused by excessive noise that disrupts the natural environment and human health?
a) Air pollution
b) Light pollution
c) Noise pollution
d) Water pollution
Answer: c) Noise pollution
Question: What is the term for the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same piece of land to improve soil fertility and reduce pests?
a) Monoculture
b) Fallowing
c) Crop rotation
d) Intercropping
Answer: c) Crop rotation
Question: Which of the following is a method of sustainable farming that avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers?
a) Conventional farming
b) Monoculture
c) Agroforestry
d) Organic farming
Answer: d) Organic farming
Question: What is the primary cause of coral bleaching in coral reefs?
a) Pollution
b) Overfishing
c) Sedimentation
d) Elevated sea temperatures
Answer: d) Elevated sea temperatures
Question: Which environmental issue is related to the excessive accumulation of plastics in the oceans?
a) Acidification
b) Desertification
c) Eutrophication
d) Marine pollution
Answer: d) Marine pollution
Question: What is the term for the process of converting saltwater into freshwater by removing the salt and other impurities?
a) Condensation
b) Desalination
c) Distillation
d) Filtration
Answer: b) Desalination
Question: Which of the following is a type of air pollutant that is a product of incomplete combustion and can pose serious health risks?
a) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
b) Oxygen (O2)
c) Carbon monoxide (CO)
d) Argon (Ar)
Answer: c) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Question: What is the term for the natural process by which fertile land becomes desert due to various factors, including climatic changes and human activities?
a) Deforestation
b) Erosion
c) Desertification
d) Urbanization
Answer: c) Desertification
Question: Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the loss of biodiversity?
a) Intensive agriculture
b) Recycling programs
c) Urban parks
d) Renewable energy sources
Answer: a) Intensive agriculture
Question: Which type of pollution results from the excessive use of artificial light at night, disrupting natural ecosystems and human sleep patterns?
a) Air pollution
b) Water pollution
c) Light pollution
d) Noise pollution
Answer: c) Light pollution
Question: What is the term for the process of breaking down organic waste into nutrient-rich soil through the action of microorganisms?
a) Incineration
b) Landfilling
c) Composting
d) Recycling
Answer: c) Composting
Question: Which of the following is a renewable energy resource that harnesses the movement of air to generate electricity?
a) Geothermal energy
b) Biomass
c) Wind power
d) Tidal power
Answer: c) Wind power
Question: What is the term for the gradual loss of ice and snow from Earth’s polar regions due to rising temperatures?
a) Polarization
b) Glacier retreat
c) Cryosphere depletion
d) Arctic amplification
Answer: b) Glacier retreat
Question: Which gas is responsible for the formation of acid rain when it reacts with water vapor in the atmosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
c) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
d) Methane (CH4)
Answer: c) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Question: Which of the following is a sustainable practice that involves growing trees and crops together in the same area?
a) Deforestation
b) Monoculture
c) Agroforestry
d) Erosion
Answer: c) Agroforestry
Question: What is the term for the deliberate release of harmful chemicals, pollutants, or waste materials into the environment?
a) Emission
b) Disposal
c) Pollution
d) Recycling
Answer: c) Pollution
Question: Which environmental issue is related to the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels?
a) Ozone depletion
b) Desertification
c) Greenhouse effect
d) Acid rain
Answer: c) Greenhouse effect
Question: Which of the following is a naturally occurring greenhouse gas that is released during the decay of organic matter?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Methane (CH4)
c) Nitrogen (N2)
d) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Answer: b) Methane (CH4)
Question: What is the term for the contamination of water bodies by excessive nutrients, leading to an overgrowth of algae and depletion of oxygen?
a) Eutrophication
b) Desalination
c) Aeration
d) Filtration
Answer: a) Eutrophication
Question: Which of the following is a source of natural freshwater that is stored underground and can be tapped for drinking water?
a) Glacier
b) River
c) Ocean
d) Aquifer
Answer: d) Aquifer
Question: What is the term for the variety of different species in a given area or ecosystem?
a) Biodiversity
b) Ecology
c) Symbiosis
d) Anthropology
Answer: a) Biodiversity
Question: Which type of energy resource is derived from the heat stored within the Earth’s crust?
a) Solar power
b) Wind power
c) Geothermal energy
d) Biomass
Answer: c) Geothermal energy
Question: What is the process of converting liquid water into water vapor called?
a) Condensation
b) Precipitation
c) Evaporation
d) Filtration
Answer: c) Evaporation
Question: Which of the following is a conservation method aimed at protecting and restoring ecosystems by considering entire landscapes?
a) Monoculture
b) Biodiversity hotspot
c) Keystone species
d) Landscape ecology
Answer: d) Landscape ecology
Question: What is the term for the loss of topsoil due to factors such as wind and water erosion?
a) Desertification
b) Deforestation
c) Soil degradation
d) Soil erosion
Answer: d) Soil erosion
Question: Which of the following is a major source of indoor air pollution in many homes, especially during the winter?
a) Carbon monoxide from vehicles
b) Ozone depletion
c) Outdoor pollen
d) Burning wood or coal for heating
Answer: d) Burning wood or coal for heating
Question: Which type of renewable energy captures energy from ocean waves and converts it into electricity?
a) Solar power
b) Wind power
c) Tidal power
d) Wave power
Answer: d) Wave power
Question: What is the term for the gradual increase in the Earth’s average temperature due to human activities?
a) Ozone depletion
b) Greenhouse effect
c) Climate change
d) Polar vortex
Answer: c) Climate change
Question: Which international treaty aims to protect the world’s biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of its components?
a) Paris Agreement
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Kyoto Protocol
d) Convention on Biological Diversity
Answer: d) Convention on Biological Diversity
Question: Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource that can be used for both energy production and as a raw material?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Petroleum
d) Biomass
Answer: d) Biomass
Question: What is the term for the process of converting saltwater into freshwater by removing the salt content?
a) Distillation
b) Filtration
c) Desalination
d) Condensation
Answer: c) Desalination
Question: Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and a lack of trees?
a) Tundra
b) Rainforest
c) Desert
d) Grassland
Answer: a) Tundra
Question: What is the term for the gradual movement of glaciers over time?
a) Flooding
b) Deforestation
c) Desertification
d) Glacial movement
Answer: d) Glacial movement
Question: Which of the following is a renewable energy resource that harnesses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity?
a) Tidal power
b) Geothermal energy
c) Biomass
d) Hydroelectric power
Answer: d) Hydroelectric power
Question: What is the term for the process of breaking down rocks through chemical reactions, often involving water and gases?
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Sedimentation
d) Volcanism
Answer: a) Weathering
Question: Which of the following is a consequence of overfishing in marine ecosystems?
a) Increased fish populations
b) Improved ecosystem balance
c) Ocean acidification
d) Decline in fish stocks
Answer: d) Decline in fish stocks
Question: What is the term for the loss of water from plant leaves through small openings called stomata?
a) Evaporation
b) Transpiration
c) Condensation
d) Precipitation
Answer: b) Transpiration
| Question Number | Question | Answer Options | Correct Answer |
| 1 | What is Earth’s largest terrestrial biome, known for its trees and diverse wildlife? | a) Tundra b) Rainforest c) Desert d) Grassland | b) Rainforest |
| 2 | Which marine mammals are often referred to as “sea cows” due to their herbivorous diet? | a) Dolphins b) Seals c) Whales d) Manatees | d) Manatees |
| 3 | Which process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds by plants? | a) Photosynthesis b) Respiration c) Erosion d) Precipitation | a) Photosynthesis |
| 4 | What is the term for the natural phenomenon that helps regulate Earth’s temperature by trapping heat in the atmosphere? | a) Greenhouse effect b) Ozone depletion c) Acid rain d) Deforestation | a) Greenhouse effect |
| 5 | Which gas is the most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere? | a) Carbon dioxide (CO2) b) Oxygen (O2) c) Nitrogen (N2) d) Methane (CH4) | c) Nitrogen (N2) |
| 6 | What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means called? | a) Deforestation b) Weathering c) Erosion d) Volcanism | b) Weathering |
| 7 | What is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis in plants? | a) Carbon dioxide (CO2) b) Oxygen (O2) c) Sunlight d) Water (H2O) | c) Sunlight |
| 8 | Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere? | a) Oxygen (O2) b) Nitrogen (N2) c) Carbon dioxide (CO2) d) Argon (Ar) | c) Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| 9 | Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and a short growing season? | a) Desert b) Tundra c) Rainforest d) Savanna | b) Tundra |
| 10 | What is the term for the gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities? | a) Global cooling b) Greenhouse effect c) Climate change d) Polar vortex | c) Climate change |
| 11 | Which of the following is a renewable energy source derived from the Sun’s radiation? | a) Fossil fuels b) Nuclear power c) Wind power d) Natural gas | c) Wind power |
| 12 | Which layer of the Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer that protects us from harmful UV radiation? | a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere | b) Stratosphere |
| 13 | What is the term for the variety of life forms on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity? | a) Ecology b) Biodiversity c) Sustainability d) Habitat conservation | b) Biodiversity |
| 14 | Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable energy resource? | a) Solar power b) Wind power c) Natural gas d) Coal | d) Coal |
| 15 | What is the term for the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials? | a) Incineration b) Recycling c) Landfilling d) Composting | b) Recycling |
| 16 | Which international agreement aims to combat climate change by limiting global temperature rise? | a) Paris Agreement b) Kyoto Protocol c) Montreal Protocol d) Copenhagen Accord | a) Paris Agreement |
| 17 | Which gas is responsible for causing “ozone holes” in the Earth’s stratosphere? | a) Carbon dioxide (CO2) b) Nitrous oxide (N2O) c) Methane (CH4) d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
| 18 | What is the term for the interactions between different species within a community? | a) Ecosystem b) Biome c) Biodiversity d) Interdependence | d) Interdependence |
| 19 | What is the primary cause of coral bleaching in coral reefs? | a) Pollution b) Overfishing c) Sedimentation d) Elevated sea temperatures | d) Elevated sea temperatures |
| 20 | Which natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes? | a) Tornado b) Hurricane c) Tsunami d) Avalanche | c) Tsunami |
| 21 | Which of the following is a method of sustainable farming that avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers? | a) Conventional farming b) Monoculture c) Agroforestry d) Organic farming | d) Organic farming |
| 22 | What is the term for the process of converting saltwater into freshwater by removing the salt and other impurities? | a) Condensation b) Desalination c) Distillation d) Filtration | b) Desalination |
| 23 | Which of the following is a strategy for reducing air pollution in urban areas? | a) Increasing vehicular traffic b) Burning more fossil fuels c) Implementing strict emissions controls d) Clearing more land for development | c) Implementing strict emissions controls |
| 24 | What is the largest component of municipal solid waste (MSW)? | a) Glass b) Paper c) Plastics d) Organic matter | c) Plastics |
| 25 | Which environmental issue is associated with the thinning of the ozone layer? | a) Acid rain b) Global warming c) Ozone depletion d) Soil erosion | c) Ozone depletion |
| 26 | Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation? | a) Increased biodiversity b) Reduced soil erosion c) Enhanced carbon sequestration d) Loss of habitat and ecosystem services | d) Loss of habitat and ecosystem services |
| 27 | What is the term for the process of water evaporating from plant leaves? | a) Precipitation b) Condensation c) Transpiration d) Infiltration | c) Transpiration |
| 28 | What is the term for the gradual rise in sea levels due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets? | a) Ocean acidification b) Coastal erosion c) Sea level rise d) Tidal oscillation | c) Sea level rise |
| 29 | Which type of renewable energy captures the kinetic energy of ocean tides and currents? | a) Solar power b) Wind power c) Hydroelectric power d) Tidal power | d) Tidal power |
| 30 | What is the term for the gradual movement of deserts into surrounding areas? | a) Desertification b) Deforestation c) Urbanization d) Erosion | a) Desertification |
| 31 | What is the term for the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same piece of land to improve soil fertility and reduce pests? | a) Monoculture b) Fallowing c) Crop rotation d) Intercropping | c) Crop rotation |
| 32 | Which gas is the primary component of Earth’s atmosphere? | a) Oxygen (O2) b) Nitrogen (N2) c) Carbon dioxide (CO2) d) Hydrogen (H2) | b) Nitrogen (N2) |
| 33 | Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas emitted from the burning of fossil fuels? | a) Oxygen (O2) b) Carbon dioxide (CO2) c) Nitrogen (N2) d) Hydrogen (H2) | b) Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| 34 | Which of the following is a type of air pollutant that is a product of incomplete combustion and can pose serious health risks? | a) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) b) Oxygen (O2) c) Carbon monoxide (CO) d) Argon (Ar) | c) Carbon monoxide (CO) |
| 35 | What is the term for the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid water? | a) Evaporation b) Precipitation c) Transpiration d) Infiltration | b) Precipitation |
| 36 | Which type of pollution is caused by excessive noise that disrupts the natural environment and human health? | a) Air pollution b) Light pollution c) Noise pollution d) Water pollution | c) Noise pollution |
| 37 | Which process involves the conversion of nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas, returning nitrogen to the atmosphere? | a) Denitrification b) Nitrogen fixation c) Nitrification d) Nitrate absorption | a) Denitrification |
| 38 | Which of the following is a renewable resource derived from organic matter and used as a source of energy? | a) Coal b) Natural gas c) Petroleum d) Biomass | d) Biomass |
| 39 | What is the term for the variety of life forms in a specific habitat or ecosystem? | a) Biome b) Biodiversity c) Biosphere d) Biota | b) Biodiversity |
| 40 | Which type of renewable energy involves using the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity? | a) Solar power b) Wind power c) Hydropower d) Geothermal energy | b) Wind power |
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