Electrostatics MCQs Questions Answers [TOP 70]: Electrostatics involves the study of the behavior and properties of electric charges at rest, without considering their motion.
Electrostatics is based on the fundamental principle that electric charges exert forces on each other. The basic unit of electric charge is the electron, which carries a negative charge, and the proton, which carries a positive charge.
The key concept in electrostatics is the electric field. An electric field is a region around a charged object or group of objects where electric forces are exerted on other charged particles. Electric fields can be represented by vectors, indicating both the magnitude and direction of the force experienced by a charged particle placed in the field.
Coulomb’s law is a fundamental equation in electrostatics that describes the force between two charged objects. Mathematically, Coulomb’s law is expressed as:
F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2
Where F is the force between the charges, q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, r is the distance between them, and k is the electrostatic constant.
Electrostatics has numerous applications in various areas of science and technology. It is the foundation of many practical devices and phenomena, such as electric generators, capacitors, and lightning. It also plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of atoms, molecules, and materials, contributing to fields like electronics, electromagnetism, and materials science.
Electrostatics MCQs Questions Answers | Physics Class 12 Electrostatics MCQs pdf
1. What is the fundamental property of electric charges?
a) Mass
b) Volume
c) Charge
d) Density
Answer: c) Charge
2. Which of the following statements about electric charges is true?
a) Like charges attract each other
b) Opposite charges repel each other
c) Positive charges repel negative charges
d) Negative charges repel positive charges
Answer: c) Positive charges repel negative charges
3. Which law describes the force between two charged objects?
a) Newton’s Law of Motion
b) Ohm’s Law
c) Coulomb’s Law
d) Kepler’s Law
Answer: c) Coulomb’s Law
4. The electric field around a positive charge points:
a) Towards the charge
b) Away from the charge
c) Parallel to the charge
d) Perpendicular to the charge
Answer: b) Away from the charge
5. What is the SI unit of electric charge?
a) Ampere (A)
b) Volt (V)
c) Coulomb (C)
d) Ohm (Ω)
Answer: c) Coulomb (C)
6. Electric field lines:
a) Always intersect each other
b) Never intersect each other
c) Can intersect each other at right angles
d) Can intersect each other at acute angles
Answer: b) Never intersect each other
7. An insulator is a material that:
a) Allows easy flow of electric current
b) Has no electric charge
c) Conducts electricity well
d) Prevents the flow of electric current
Answer: d) Prevents the flow of electric current
8. The electric potential at a point is measured in:
a) Joules (J)
b) Volts (V)
c) Amperes (A)
d) Watts (W)
Answer: b) Volts (V)
9. The electric field inside a conductor is:
a) Zero
b) Maximum
c) Variable
d) Equal to the charge of the conductor
Answer: a) Zero
10. The process of transferring electric charge by direct contact between objects is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Insulation
d) Polarization
Answer: b) Conduction
11. Which of the following materials is a good conductor of electricity?
a) Rubber
b) Glass
c) Copper
d) Plastic
Answer: c) Copper
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12. What happens to the electric field strength between two charges when the distance between them is doubled?
a) It doubles
b) It halves
c) It quadruples
d) It remains the same
Answer: b) It halves
13. When a positively charged object is brought near a neutral object, what happens to the charges in the neutral object?
a) Positive charges move towards the positively charged object
b) Negative charges move towards the positively charged object
c) Positive charges move away from the positively charged object
d) Negative charges move away from the positively charged object
Answer: b) Negative charges move towards the positively charged object
14. What is the process called when an object becomes electrically charged by rearrangement of electrons without direct contact with a charged object?
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Insulation
d) Polarization
Answer: a) Induction
15. Two identical positive charges are placed 1 meter apart. If the force between them is F, what will happen to the force if the distance is halved?
a) It becomes 2F
b) It becomes F/2
c) It becomes 4F
d) It becomes F/4
Answer: c) It becomes 4F
16. Which of the following statements about electric potential is correct?
a) Electric potential depends on the amount of charge
b) Electric potential depends on the distance between charges
c) Electric potential is a scalar quantity
d) Electric potential is always positive
Answer: c) Electric potential is a scalar quantity
17. When a negatively charged rod is brought close to a neutral metal sphere, what happens to the charges in the metal sphere?
a) Positive charges move towards the negatively charged rod
b) Negative charges move towards the negatively charged rod
c) Positive charges move away from the negatively charged rod
d) Negative charges move away from the negatively charged rod
Answer: a) Positive charges move towards the negatively charged rod
18. Which of the following is an example of electrostatic discharge?
a) Lightning
b) Magnetic field
c) Electric current
d) Radio waves
Answer: a) Lightning
19. What is the relationship between electric field and electric potential?
a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential
b) Electric potential is the gradient of electric field
c) Electric field and electric potential are unrelated
d) Electric field and electric potential have the same magnitude
Answer: a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential
20. An object becomes positively charged if it:
a) Gains electrons
b) Loses electrons
c) Gains protons
d) Loses protons
Answer: b) Loses electrons
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21. What happens to the electric field strength between two charges when the magnitude of both charges is doubled?
a) It doubles
b) It quadruples
c) It becomes half
d) It remains the same
Answer: a) It doubles
22. Which of the following materials is an insulator?
a) Silver
b) Aluminum
c) Rubber
d) Copper
Answer: c) Rubber
23. What is the SI unit of electric field strength?
a) Volt (V)
b) Ohm (Ω)
c) Ampere (A)
d) Newton per Coulomb (N/C)
Answer: d) Newton per Coulomb (N/C)
24. The process of removing excess charge from an object by connecting it to the Earth is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Grounding
d) Polarization
Answer: c) Grounding
25. Two point charges of equal magnitude repel each other with a force F. If the distance between them is halved, what will happen to the force?
a) It becomes F/2
b) It becomes 2F
c) It becomes 4F
d) It becomes 8F
Answer: c) It becomes 4F
26. The electric field inside a hollow conductor is:
a) Zero
b) Maximum
c) Variable
d) Equal to the charge of the conductor
Answer: a) Zero
27. Which of the following devices is used to store electric charge?
a) Resistor
b) Capacitor
c) Diode
d) Transistor
Answer: b) Capacitor
28. The process of charging a neutral object by bringing a charged object near it, without direct contact, is known as:
a) Grounding
b) Conduction
c) Induction
d) Discharge
Answer: c) Induction
29. What happens to the electric potential energy of two charges when they are brought closer together?
a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains the same
d) It becomes zero
Answer: b) It decreases
30. What is the relationship between electric field and electric potential energy?
a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential energy
b) Electric potential energy is the gradient of electric field
c) Electric field and electric potential energy are unrelated
d) Electric field and electric potential energy have the same magnitude
Answer: a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential energy
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31. Which of the following statements about electric field lines is true?
a) Electric field lines always point towards positive charges.
b) Electric field lines never cross each other.
c) Electric field lines are only present inside conductors.
d) Electric field lines indicate the direction of electric current.
Answer: b) Electric field lines never cross each other.
32. The process of separating positive and negative charges within an object without directly contacting another charged object is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Discharge
d) Polarization
Answer: d) Polarization
33. Which of the following is an example of an insulator?
a) Copper
b) Aluminum
c) Glass
d) Silver
Answer: c) Glass
34. The electric potential at a point in an electric field is measured in:
a) Newtons
b) Coulombs
c) Amperes
d) Volts
Answer: d) Volts
35. What happens to the electric potential energy of two like charges when they are brought closer together?
a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains the same
d) It becomes zero
Answer: b) It decreases
36. When a charged object is brought near a neutral conducting sphere, what happens to the charges in the sphere?
a) Positive charges move towards the charged object
b) Negative charges move towards the charged object
c) Positive charges move away from the charged object
d) Negative charges move away from the charged object
Answer: a) Positive charges move towards the charged object
37. What is the force experienced by a charge of 5C placed in an electric field of 10N/C?
a) 2.5N
b) 5N
c) 10N
d) 50N
Answer: b) 5N
38. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor if the distance between the plates is doubled?
a) It doubles
b) It halves
c) It quadruples
d) It remains the same
Answer: b) It halves
39. What type of charge does an electron possess?
a) Positive charge
b) Negative charge
c) Neutral charge
d) No charge
Answer: b) Negative charge
40. The process of transferring charge by the flow of electrons through a conductor is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Insulation
d) Polarization
Answer: b) Conduction
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41. Which of the following materials is a good conductor of electricity?
a) Wood
b) Plastic
c) Copper
d) Glass
Answer: c) Copper
42. What is the SI unit of electric charge?
a) Ampere (A)
b) Volt (V)
c) Coulomb (C)
d) Ohm (Ω)
Answer: c) Coulomb (C)
43. When two positively charged objects are brought close to each other, what happens to the electrostatic potential energy?
a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains the same
d) It becomes zero
Answer: a) It increases
44. What is the relationship between electric field and electric potential?
a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential
b) Electric potential is the gradient of electric field
c) Electric field and electric potential are unrelated
d) Electric field and electric potential have the same magnitude
Answer: a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential
45. Which law describes the force between two charges in terms of the distance between them?
a) Newton’s Law of Motion
b) Ohm’s Law
c) Coulomb’s Law
d) Kepler’s Law
Answer: c) Coulomb’s Law
46. The process of removing excess charge from an object is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Discharge
d) Polarization
Answer: c) Discharge
47. Which of the following statements about electric field lines is correct?
a) Electric field lines originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.
b) Electric field lines are always straight lines.
c) Electric field lines are closer together where the electric field is weaker.
d) Electric field lines do not provide any information about the strength of the electric field.
Answer: a) Electric field lines originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.
48. What happens to the electric field strength between two charges if the magnitude of one charge is doubled while the other charge remains the same?
a) It doubles
b) It halves
c) It becomes four times
d) It remains the same
Answer: a) It doubles
49. The process of transferring charge from one object to another through direct contact is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Insulation
d) Polarization
Answer: b) Conduction
50. The electric field inside a charged conductor is:
a) Zero
b) Maximum
c) Variable
d) Equal to the charge density of the conductor
Answer: a) Zero
51. What is the SI unit of electric field strength?
a) Volt (V)
b) Ampere (A)
c) Ohm (Ω)
d) Newton per Coulomb (N/C)
Answer: d) Newton per Coulomb (N/C)
52. Which of the following is an example of an insulator?
a) Copper
b) Aluminum
c) Glass
d) Silver
Answer: c) Glass
53. What happens to the electric potential energy of two charges when they are moved farther apart?
a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains the same
d) It becomes zero
Answer: a) It increases
54. The process of transferring charge from a charged object to the Earth by touching or connecting them is called:
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Discharge
d) Polarization
Answer: b) Conduction
55. Which of the following statements about electric potential is true?
a) Electric potential depends on the amount of charge
b) Electric potential depends on the distance between charges
c) Electric potential is a vector quantity
d) Electric potential is always positive
Answer: d) Electric potential is always positive
56. Two identical point charges are placed 1 meter apart. If the distance between them is tripled, what will happen to the force between them?
a) It becomes 1/3 of the original force
b) It becomes 1/9 of the original force
c) It becomes 3 times the original force
d) It becomes 9 times the original force
Answer: b) It becomes 1/9 of the original force
57. Which of the following devices is used to measure electric potential difference?
a) Ammeter
b) Voltmeter
c) Oscilloscope
d) Transformer
Answer: b) Voltmeter
58. When a charged object is brought near an uncharged conductor, what happens to the charges in the conductor?
a) Positive charges move towards the charged object
b) Negative charges move towards the charged object
c) Positive charges move away from the charged object
d) Negative charges move away from the charged object
Answer: b) Negative charges move towards the charged object
59. The strength of the electric field between two charges depends on:
a) The magnitude of the charges
b) The distance between the charges
c) Both the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them
d) Neither the magnitude of the charges nor the distance between them
Answer: c) Both the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them
60. An object becomes negatively charged if it:
a) Gains electrons
b) Loses electrons
c) Gains protons
d) Loses protons
Answer: a) Gains electrons
61. What is the SI unit of electric charge?
a) Ampere (A)
b) Coulomb (C)
c) Volt (V)
d) Ohm (Ω)
Answer: b) Coulomb (C)
62. What happens to the electric field strength between two charges when the distance between them is doubled?
a) It doubles
b) It halves
c) It quadruples
d) It remains the same
Answer: b) It halves
63. When a positively charged object is brought near a neutral object, what happens to the charges in the neutral object?
a) Positive charges move towards the positively charged object
b) Negative charges move towards the positively charged object
c) Positive charges move away from the positively charged object
d) Negative charges move away from the positively charged object
Answer: b) Negative charges move towards the positively charged object
64. What is the process called when an object becomes electrically charged by contact with a charged object?
a) Induction
b) Conduction
c) Insulation
d) Polarization
Answer: b) Conduction
65. Two identical positive charges are placed 1 meter apart. If the force between them is F, what will happen to the force if the distance is doubled?
a) It becomes 2F
b) It becomes F/2
c) It becomes 4F
d) It becomes F/4
Answer: b) It becomes F/2
66. Which of the following statements about electric potential is correct?
a) Electric potential depends on the amount of charge
b) Electric potential depends on the distance between charges
c) Electric potential is a scalar quantity
d) Electric potential is always positive
Answer: c) Electric potential is a scalar quantity
67. When a negatively charged rod is brought close to a neutral metal sphere, what happens to the charges in the metal sphere?
a) Positive charges move towards the negatively charged rod
b) Negative charges move towards the negatively charged rod
c) Positive charges move away from the negatively charged rod
d) Negative charges move away from the negatively charged rod
Answer: a) Positive charges move towards the negatively charged rod
68. Which of the following is an example of electrostatic discharge?
a) Lightning
b) Magnetic field
c) Electric current
d) Radio waves
Answer: a) Lightning
69. What is the relationship between electric field and electric potential?
a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential
b) Electric potential is the gradient of electric field
c) Electric field and electric potential are unrelated
d) Electric field and electric potential have the same magnitude
Answer: a) Electric field is the gradient of electric potential
70. An object becomes positively charged if it:
a) Gains electrons
b) Loses electrons
c) Gains protons
d) Loses protons
Answer: b) Loses electrons